{"id":7081,"date":"2021-05-11T10:00:00","date_gmt":"2021-05-11T08:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/merac.es\/?p=7081"},"modified":"2024-09-23T08:23:37","modified_gmt":"2024-09-23T06:23:37","slug":"importancia-y-ventajas-pacto-de-socios","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/merac.es\/en\/importancia-y-ventajas-pacto-de-socios\/","title":{"rendered":"The importance and advantages of having a shareholders' agreement"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-1-introducci-n-importancia-de-los-estatutos-sociales\">1. Introduction. Importance of the Articles of Association.<\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>The <strong>functioning and organisation<\/strong> of a company is regulated in the <strong>articles of association<\/strong> The company's Articles of Association, which are approved by the founding shareholders at the time of its incorporation, without prejudice to the fact that they may be subject to subsequent modification.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>In view of the above, we can conclude the importance of these rules for the proper functioning of the company, however, it is very common when a company is incorporated that it follows standard articles of association without taking into consideration the different circumstances of the company.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>However, in the case of a sole proprietorship or a subsidiary, the problems that could arise would be more limited, as there is no possibility of disjunction between the partners, <strong>when there is a partnership with several partners, irrespective of their relationship, it is essential to analyse the casuistry of the partnership and to draw up articles of association adapted to its circumstances<\/strong>.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-2-objetivos-de-los-pactos-de-socios\">2. Objectives of the Partnership Pact<\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Notwithstanding the above, there are other matters or aspects that by law cannot be regulated in the bylaws themselves, but which, nevertheless, it is essential to regulate in order to ensure the continuity of the company. For this purpose, there are the so-called <strong>shareholder or parasocial agreements whose objective is to<\/strong> <strong>supplementing the articles of association<\/strong> y <strong>regular<\/strong> all matters relating to the <strong>activity, organisation and functioning of the company<\/strong>as well as the <strong>relationship between the partners.\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-3-tipos-de-acuerdos-dentro-de-los-pactos-de-socios\">3. Types of agreements within the Shareholders' Agreements.<\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Among the possible agreements subject to regulation within a shareholders' agreement, we can highlight, by way of example and without limitation, the following:<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-a-mayor-as-reforzadas-para-la-adopci-n-de-determinados-acuerdos-de-la-junta\">(a) Enhanced majorities for the adoption of certain board resolutions<\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>For the adoption of resolutions by the General Meeting, the law requires majorities that may be different depending on the type of resolution, for example, in the case of the amendment of the Articles of Association, where a reinforced majority is required.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>However, <strong>these majorities may be modified by requiring a higher percentage than that laid down by law<\/strong>.\u00a0 En este caso, en el acuerdo de socios se podr\u00edan establecer una serie de mayor\u00edas para adoptar determinados acuerdos (i.e. modificaciones estructurales, ampliaciones o reducciones de capital, etc.), con objeto de reforzar las mayor\u00edas previstas en la ley.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Another possibility to reinforce the majorities provided for by law is to include that, <strong>for the adoption of certain agreements<\/strong>in addition to the statutory majority, <strong>the favourable vote of a certain number of members is required.<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-b-composici-n-del-rgano-de-administraci-n\">b) Composition of the administrative body<\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Spanish law is based on the general principle that the appointment of directors corresponds to the General Meeting by majority resolution.\u00a0<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>However, we find an exception in Articles 243 and 244 of the Capital Companies Act, which allows the shareholders of a public limited company to agree in the articles of association a priori on the system of appointment by means of a proportional representation system. In the case of a private limited company, this is expressly prohibited by Article 191 of the Commercial Register Regulations.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>However, a Supreme Court ruling of 6 March 2009 establishes the possibility of establishing such a proportional representation system in the case of a limited company.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>This agreement would thus make it possible to <strong>provide for the possibility for all partners to have a presence on the Board of Directors<\/strong> and participate in the management and administration of the company.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-c-cl-usula-de-desbloqueo\">(c) Unlocking clause<\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>It is common to find companies whose shareholding structure consists of two partners at 50%, which could lead to a situation where the company is blocked in the event of a disagreement between the partners, resulting in the paralysis of the company or even its dissolution.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>It is therefore essential to establish a series of <strong>pacts that allow these situations to be resolved,<\/strong> some of them have been the subject of analysis in <a href=\"https:\/\/merac.es\/en\/solucionar-situacion-bloqueo-sociedad\/\">previous articles<\/a>.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-d-transmisi-n-de-participaciones-sociales\">d) Transfer of shares<\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>The law establishes a series of rules for the transfer of shares by regulating certain limitations on such transfers in cases where the articles of association do not stipulate anything in this respect.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Although the shareholders may establish the transfer regime they deem appropriate, as long as it is not contrary to law, it is <strong>it is advisable to complement the mechanisms established in the statutes with a shareholders' agreement.<\/strong>The purpose is, for example, to limit or prevent the entry of third parties by way of sale and purchase or by way of change of control of the holding company.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-e-derecho-de-separaci-n\">(e) Right of separation<\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>The Capital Companies Act establishes a series of specific cases in which the right of separation operates in favour of a shareholder; however, it is possible to <strong>include the shareholder's own decision as an additional circumstance of the right of withdrawal.<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>\u00a0In this case, it will be necessary to establish both the procedure and the time limit for its exercise, in order to avoid possible damage both to the company itself and to third parties that could be affected by such an exit.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-f-cl-usulas-de-no-competencia\">(f) Non-competition clauses<\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>This clause makes it possible to establish a non-competition pact on the part of the partners, so that they may not engage, either directly or through third parties, in activities that may collide with the company's own activity.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-g-derecho-de-arrastre-o-drag-along\">(g) Drag along rights<\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>The purpose of this agreement is to prevent a minority shareholder from blocking a sale transaction beneficial to the majority by refusing to dispose of its shares.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-h-derecho-de-acompa-amiento-o-tag-along\">(h) Tag along rights<\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>In this case, minority shareholders are protected by granting them a right to sell their shares together with the majority shareholder's shares, when the latter has received a purchase offer issued by a third party for his or her shareholding.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-i-pol-tica-de-distribuci-n-de-dividendos\">i) Dividend distribution policy<\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>This clause will regulate how dividends are to be distributed and in what amount. For example, by establishing a minimum distribution percentage each year if the targets are achieved.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-4-eficacia-de-los-pactos-de-socios\">4. Effectiveness of Shareholders' Agreements<\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>The <strong>shareholders' agreements are not enforceable against the company<\/strong>i.e. the partners <strong>cannot enforce them vis-\u00e0-vis society. <\/strong>Therefore, in the event that the pact can be transferred to <strong>The Articles of Association of the company must reflect this<\/strong> The shareholders' agreement is to be adopted in accordance with the terms of the shareholders' agreement, so that, in the event of non-compliance, the shareholders' agreement that has been adopted in breach of the provisions of the shareholders' agreement can be challenged.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>However, as noted above, there are <strong>other resolutions which, by their nature, cannot be transferred to the Articles of Association<\/strong>In this case, these agreements will have the force of law between the parties, i.e. they will be enforceable against the parties, but not against the company. For this purpose, there are <strong>certain mechanisms that implicitly allow these agreements to be incorporated into the articles of association by means of what are known as ancillary services<\/strong>.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>To this end, the company's articles of association must include an ancillary provision consisting of compliance with the shareholders' agreement itself, so that failure to comply with the agreement could lead to the exclusion of the defaulting shareholder or even to the dissolution of the company itself.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-5-conclusi-n-la-importancia-de-tener-un-pacto-de-socios\">5. Conclusion: the importance of having a Partners' Pact.<\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>In view of the above, it is highly recommended that in the case of <strong>companies with more than one partner are regulated in detail in the Articles of Association.<\/strong> and adapted to the company's own circumstances and, likewise, those other matters that do not fall within the scope of the company's bylaws and that are regulated in an <strong>shareholders' agreement, with a view to ensuring business continuity<\/strong>The company's management is also responsible for establishing mechanisms to solve problems that may arise in the future and which could even result in the dissolution of the company itself. \u00a0\u00a0<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Los pactos de socios son fundamentales para complementar los Estatutos Sociales y regular tanto la actividad, funcionamiento y organizaci\u00f3n de la sociedad, como la propia relaci\u00f3n entre los socios, con objeto de evitar un posible bloqueo de la compa\u00f1\u00eda y asegurar la continuidad del negocio.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":7084,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[29,38,24,14,39],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>La importancia y ventajas de tener un pacto de socios | MERAC Legal &amp; 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Breve biograf\u00eda profesional: Mercedes Nieto es Abogada y Economista y socia del Departamento Mercantil e Inmobiliario de MERAC LEGAL & TAX LAWYERS. Comienza su carrera profesional en el Departamento Mercantil de Garrigues y posteriormente se traslada a Qatar, para trabajar en una empresa constructora, hasta su incorporaci\u00f3n al Departamento de Mercantil de KPMG Abogados. En 2018, se une a una firma de abogados en Marbella como responsable del departamento mercantil, hasta su incorporaci\u00f3n como Socia a MERAC LEGAL & TAX LAWYERS. Est\u00e1 especializada en Derecho Mercantil-Societario, Fusiones y Adquisiciones (M&A), Inmobiliario, contrataci\u00f3n nacional e internacional y Civil. Ha participado en operaciones de M&A e Inmobiliarias en sectores de todo tipo, habiendo sido reconocida por su labor de abogada en el \u00e1rea de Derecho Mercantil y Fusiones y Adquisiciones por \u201cBest Lawyers International\u201d, siendo en 2020 galardonada con el premio a mejor abogada en dicha \u00e1rea, y nominada en los a\u00f1os 2021, 2022, 2023 y 2024. Formaci\u00f3n acad\u00e9mica: licenciada en Derecho y Administraci\u00f3n y Direcci\u00f3n de Empresas. Master Executive Derecho Empresarial. Experiencia destacada: Est\u00e1 especializada en Derecho Mercantil-Societario, Fusiones y Adquisiciones (M&A), Inmobiliario, contrataci\u00f3n nacional e internacional y Civil. Ha intervenido activamente en la realizaci\u00f3n de numerosas operaciones de reestructuraci\u00f3n empresarial y acuerdos de inversi\u00f3n, tanto a nivel nacional como internacional (i.e. fusiones, escisiones, segregaciones, cesi\u00f3n de activos). 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Tax Lawyers","url":"https:\/\/merac.es\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-GB","@id":"https:\/\/merac.es\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/merac.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/merac-logo-v2.svg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/merac.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/merac-logo-v2.svg","width":451.5,"height":315.1,"caption":"MERAC Legal &amp; Tax Lawyers"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/merac.es\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"}},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/merac.es\/#\/schema\/person\/323a7e8aff0701320da9bbf00ab24ed2","name":"Mercedes Nieto Guindo - Abogada especializada en Derecho Mercantil","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-GB","@id":"https:\/\/merac.es\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/70cb29f95915db6f5c559db3256f401d?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/70cb29f95915db6f5c559db3256f401d?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Mercedes Nieto Guindo - Abogada especializada en Derecho Mercantil"},"description":"Nombre completo y especialidad: Mercedes Nieto Guindo- Abogada especializada en Derecho Mercantil. Breve biograf\u00eda profesional: Mercedes Nieto es Abogada y Economista y socia del Departamento Mercantil e Inmobiliario de MERAC LEGAL & TAX LAWYERS. Comienza su carrera profesional en el Departamento Mercantil de Garrigues y posteriormente se traslada a Qatar, para trabajar en una empresa constructora, hasta su incorporaci\u00f3n al Departamento de Mercantil de KPMG Abogados. En 2018, se une a una firma de abogados en Marbella como responsable del departamento mercantil, hasta su incorporaci\u00f3n como Socia a MERAC LEGAL & TAX LAWYERS. Est\u00e1 especializada en Derecho Mercantil-Societario, Fusiones y Adquisiciones (M&A), Inmobiliario, contrataci\u00f3n nacional e internacional y Civil. Ha participado en operaciones de M&A e Inmobiliarias en sectores de todo tipo, habiendo sido reconocida por su labor de abogada en el \u00e1rea de Derecho Mercantil y Fusiones y Adquisiciones por \u201cBest Lawyers International\u201d, siendo en 2020 galardonada con el premio a mejor abogada en dicha \u00e1rea, y nominada en los a\u00f1os 2021, 2022, 2023 y 2024. Formaci\u00f3n acad\u00e9mica: licenciada en Derecho y Administraci\u00f3n y Direcci\u00f3n de Empresas. Master Executive Derecho Empresarial. Experiencia destacada: Est\u00e1 especializada en Derecho Mercantil-Societario, Fusiones y Adquisiciones (M&A), Inmobiliario, contrataci\u00f3n nacional e internacional y Civil. Ha intervenido activamente en la realizaci\u00f3n de numerosas operaciones de reestructuraci\u00f3n empresarial y acuerdos de inversi\u00f3n, tanto a nivel nacional como internacional (i.e. fusiones, escisiones, segregaciones, cesi\u00f3n de activos). Ha participado, asimismo, en operaciones de primer nivel de adquisici\u00f3n de sociedades y en numerosos procesos de due diligence sobre sociedades de diversos sectores de actividad. De la misma forma, desarrolla su labor profesional tambi\u00e9n en otras \u00e1reas del Derecho con incidencia directa e indirecta en la empresa (Derecho Civil; Inmobiliario; Derecho de la Propiedad Intelectual, Industrial y Marcas; Negociaci\u00f3n extrajudicial; Procesal y Concursal Premios, certificaciones o asociaciones: Galardonada con el precio a la mejor abogada en el \u00e1rea de Derecho Mercantil y Fusiones y Adquisiciones por \u201cBest Lawyers International\u201d, en la edici\u00f3n de 2020 y nominada en esa misma categor\u00eda en los a\u00f1os 2021, 2022, 2023 y 2024.","sameAs":["https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/"],"url":"https:\/\/merac.es\/en\/author\/mercedes-nieto\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/merac.es\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7081"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/merac.es\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/merac.es\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/merac.es\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/merac.es\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7081"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/merac.es\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7081\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8710,"href":"https:\/\/merac.es\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7081\/revisions\/8710"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/merac.es\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7084"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/merac.es\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7081"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/merac.es\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7081"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/merac.es\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7081"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}